Medications Review

Popular painkillers regularly used as a treatment to bring down inflammation have been found to cause fast heart rate, a dangerous heart rhythm condition known as atrial fibrillation, according to a new study. Atrial fibrillation is the medical term for an irregular and often very rapid heart rate. Beyond causing poor blood flow throughout the body, this condition also brings with it an upped risk of heart failure, stroke and death. Today more than 2 million Americans, and 4 million in the European Union have this condition, many undergoing treatment with anticoagulant drugs.

The pain medications in question are ones we know. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, NSAIDs, are used to bring down inflammation (from a disease like arthritis or an injury), ease pain and reduce fever. They do this by blocking enzymes and proteins naturally made by the body.

If you’ve been taking a NASID for more than ten days, you should talk with your doctor about your symptoms. Cox-2 inhibitors are a form of NASID that target the enzyme COX-2 that’s involved with inflammation and pain.

Earlier research on painkilling medications and the heart has found NSAIDs and cox-2 inhibitors bring a higher chance of heart attack and stroke, however, this is the first work to link the popular painkilling drugs to atrial fibrillation.

The researchers examined over 32,000 patients who were initially diagnosed with atrial fibrillation during the years 1999 to 2008. Each patient was then compared to 10 healthy controls who were the same age and sex.

The researchers discovered that using these painkilling drugs was tied to a higher chance of developing atrial fibrillation – with the link strongest among those who were new to using these medications. NSAIDs brought an upped risk of 40%, cox-2 inhibitors a whopping 70% higher risk.

This works out to be about 7 extra cases of dangerous atrial fibrillation for every 1,000 new people using cox-2 inhibitors – 4 extra cases for NSAIDS. For those just starting on a cox-2 inhibitor, the risk appeared highest in older adults and those who had conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis or chronic kidney disease.

The researchers are hoping that the study causes doctors to consider atrial fibrillation as a cardiovascular risk that must be considered when choosing to treat a patient with these medications.

It’s not like the drugs don’t have their problems. In 2004 cox-2 inhibitor Vioxx was abruptly removed from the market due to an upped chance of heart attack while taking it. In 2007 a warning to doctors against prescribing NSAIDS for heart patients came from the American Heart Association. Then a study In July 2010 showed that people without health problems who take NSAIDs on occasion might be at a higher risk of dying from heart problems.

A 2011 research review found that NSAIDS can also boost the likelihood of stroke, heart attack, even death. These findings come from an analysis of 31 trials involving NSAIDs that suggest a patient’s heart health should be considered before being given these medications.

So what to do? If you or someone you love has heart issues, talk with your doctor before taking these popular painkillers, even on an occasional basis. While the risk will need more study before being widely accepted, for those who already have heart issues, being cautious with all medications is a smart move to avoid them being a cause of fast heart rate.

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Zanaflex is a muscle relaxant is used to help relax certain muscles in your body. It relieves the spasms and increased muscle tone caused by medical problems such as multiple sclerosis or spinal injury. This medication is sometimes prescribed for other uses; ask your doctor or pharmacist for more information.

How Taken

Zanaflex comes as a tablet to take it orally. It usually is taken two or three times a day. Follow the directions on your prescription label carefully, and ask your doctor or pharmacist to explain any part you do not understand. Take Zanaflex exactly as directed. Do not take more or less of it or take it more often than prescribed by your doctor.

Warnings/Precautions

Before taking this medication, tell your doctor if you have liver disease, have kidney disease, have low blood pressure or you are on medication to treat high blood pressure; or you are taking birth control pills. You may not be able to take Zanaflex, or you may require a lower dose or special monitoring during treatment if you have any of the conditions listed above. Zanaflex is in the FDA pregnancy C. This means that it is not known whether Zanaflex will harm an unborn baby. Do not take this medication without first talking to your doctor if you are pregnant. It is not known whether Zanaflex passes into breast milk. Do not take Zanaflex without first talking to your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby.
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Missed Dose

If you take several doses per day, take the missed dose as soon as you remember it and take any remaining doses for that day at evenly spaced intervals. However, if you remember a missed dose when it is almost time for your next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.

Possible Side Effects

Side effects from Zanaflex can occur. Tell your doctor if any of these symptoms are severe or do not go away: dizziness, upset stomach, vomiting, tingling sensation in the arms, legs, hands, and feet, dry mouth, increased muscle spasms. If you experience either of the following symptoms, call your doctor immediately: yellowing of the skin or eyes, unexplained flu-like symptoms.

Storage

Keep this medication in the container it came in, tightly closed, and out of reach of children. Store it at room temperature and away from excess heat and moisture (not in the bathroom). Throw away any medication that is outdated or no longer needed. Talk to your pharmacist about the proper disposal of your medication.

Overdose

Seek emergency medical attention. Symptoms of a Zanaflex overdose are not well known but include unconsciousness and irregular breathing.

More Information

Use caution when driving, operating machinery, or performing other hazardous activities. Zanaflex may cause drowsiness and dizziness. If you experience drowsiness or dizziness, avoid these activities. Dizziness is most likely to occur when you rise from a sitting or lying position. Rise slowly to prevent dizziness and a possible fall. Use caution with alcohol, other muscle relaxants, sleep or anxiety medicines, and pain medicines. These drugs may increase drowsiness and dizziness while you are taking Zanaflex. Do not take any other medicine during treatment with Zanaflex without first talking to your doctor or pharmacist.

Disclaimer

This drug information is for your information purposes only, it is not intended that this information covers all uses, directions, drug interactions, precautions, or adverse effects of your medication. This is only general information, and should not be relied on for any purpose. It should not be construed as containing specific instructions for any particular patient. We disclaim all responsibility for the accuracy and reliability of this information, and/or any consequences arising from the use of this information, including damage or adverse consequences to persons or property, however such damages or consequences arise. No warranty, either expressed or implied, is made in regards to this information.

Taking painkillers, unless it is absolutely necessary for extremely painful conditions, is an act of suppressing and destroying the healing intelligence of the body. When ill, the body may require pain signals to trigger the appropriate immune response for the removal of toxins from a localized area and to prevent the individual from further harming himself. Pain is not a disease and should therefore not be treated as one. Pain is the body’s natural response to congestion and the subsequent dehydration and malnourishment of the cells and tissues. It occurs in the presence of toxic material and is often accompanied by infection. In most cases, a pain signal occurs when one of the brain’s first aid hormones, called histamine, is secreted in large amounts and passes over the pain nerves near or alongside a congested area.

The body also uses histamines to reject foreign materials such as viral particles or toxic substances and to direct other hormones or systems in the body to regulate water distribution. The latter function of histamine is very important, for where there is a buildup of toxins, there is also an acute water shortage (dehydration). When the pain signal becomes suppressed, however, the body is confused over how it should deal with the congestion and subsequent increase of toxicity. Painkillers also prevent the body from learning about the progressive condition of cellular dehydration. In addition, in order to process painkillers, the cells of the body have to give up even more of their precious water.

Usually, the intensity of pain rises with the concentration of toxins and materials such as blood proteins trapped in the fluid surrounding the cells. This liquid substance is called interstitial fluid or connective tissue, and it is drained by the lymphatic system. When the lymphatic system is congested due to digestive problems or other reasons which I will explain later, the escape route for these blood proteins and toxins is closed. To prevent the immediate destruction of the cells by these highly acidic and reactive proteins and toxins, the body surrounds them with water. This in turn causes further obstruction and prevents the proper oxygenation of the cells. Pain directly results from this lack of oxygen. Research published in December 1964 by one of the earlier journals of the American Medical Association, Today’s Health, proved that blood proteins naturally leave the bloodstream and enter the connective tissues, but if not instantly removed by the lymphatic system, they can cause disease and death in as little as 24 hours.

The body certainly knows about this danger and acts accordingly. The brain produces the perfect amount of natural painkillers, i.e. endorphins(endogenous opioids), in order to keep the pain tolerable but still strong enough to maintain a powerful and active immune and cleansing response. Synthetically derived painkillers on the other hand cause an electrical short circuit of the pain signal. The brain and the immune system, though, need to receive this signal to be able to attend to the endangered area. The sudden suppression of pain can be likened to cutting the wires of an alarm system that is protecting a house. When a burglar enters this house, nobody will notice it. By cutting off its communication with the brain, the body is unable to remove all the trapped toxins and blood proteins, and their destructive effect may go unnoticed. What is so disturbing about taking pharmaceutical drugs, such as pain medication, is that they need blood proteins to carry them to their destinations. Since the blood proteins are trapped in the connective tissues of an organ, these drugs become trapped there, too. This causes the serious side effects and frequent deaths for which these drugs are so well known. The pharmaceutical industry, of course, does not want you to know that by taking their drugs you are gambling with your life.

Pain medications not only keep the body ignorant about a particular physical problem, they also sabotage its healing efforts. The regular use of painkillers suppresses endorphin production in the brain, thereby causing drug dependency. This also lowers the body’s tolerance level for pain, making even minor problems of congestion very painful. Some people have abused their bodies in this way to such an extent that they suffer from excruciating chronic pain, although the causal problem may actually be only a minor one. When painkillers are no longer effective enough, some people may even wish to take their lives to obtain the desired relief.

If you have been on painkillers for arthritis or other painful conditions but now know that taking drugs such as Vioxx, Aleve, Celebrex, and aspirin dramatically increases your risk of heart attack and stroke, you may want to switch to natural alternatives until you have eliminated the root causes of your pain. According to the New England Journal of Medicine, “anti-inflammatory drugs (prescription and over-the-counter medications which include Advil, Motrin, Aleve, Ordus, aspirin, and over 20 others) alone cause over 16,500 deaths and over 103,000 hospitalizations per year just in the U.S.” The amount of five major painkillers sold at retail establishments rose 90 percent between 1997 and 2005, according to an Associated Press analysis of statistics from the Drug Enforcement Administration.

Even the smallest amount of aspirin triggers at least some degree of intestinal bleeding. Regular use of aspirin has serious consequences. Nearly 70 percent of those taking aspirin daily show a blood loss of to 1 teaspoons per day, and 10 percent lose as much as two teaspoons per day.

A recent study published in the Annals of Internal Medicine showed that use of NSAIDs such as aspirin and ibuprofen increased the risk of high blood pressure (HPP) by nearly 40 percent. Similar use of acetaminophen was found to increase HBP risk by 34 percent.

People always take pain and pain medication for granted. Usually, they seek pain management treatment only when the pain grows worse or becomes intolerable and only when pain killers can’t seem to give them relief anymore. But before that much-avoided visit to the doctor, how do people handle or manage pain on their own?

Most of them take over-the-counter pain medication which is, of course, fine when it comes to treating occasional bouts of pain from ordinary and common known causes. When it comes to chronic pain or pain that keeps on recurring for weeks, months or years, some people attempt to play doctor by giving themselves pain medication in doses according to their own liking. This is extremely dangerous and harmful to the body due to the many side effects that are associated with prolonged use and large doses of over-the-counter pain killers.

One established negative side effect is damage to the liver by acetaminophen, a common component in most over-the-counter pain killers. Since over-the-counter drugs are dispensed without a doctor’s prescription, people tend to take them as often as they wish without giving much thought to the maximum allowable safe dosage for the medication. The damage to the liver caused by a large or frequent dosage of acetaminophen may also be aggravated by other factors like drinking alcohol or by taking other medications also containing acetaminophen which may double its effect. Some, however, brush aside warnings on labels and think they can get away with a modest amount of alcohol. And others may simply not know that other medications that they are currently taking contain acetaminophen.

Another side effect of over-the-counter pain killers is stomach bleeding which is be caused by a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug which is popularly called NSAID. This component is also present in most over-the-counter medications such as ibuprofen and aspirin. By themselves, these drugs which contain NSAID will normally not cause harm or injury to the body. When taken, however, by persons who regularly consume alcohol, or by persons who take drugs which also contain NSAID, or if its use is prolonged or in large quantities, NSAIDs may cause stomach bleeding.

Knowledge of these side effects should help people realize that when it comes to over-the-counter pain killers, attention must be given to their contents, the warnings on their labels, the proper dosage, and the drugs’ reactions when combined with other substances. As much as possible, people should take pain killers only when absolutely necessary and at minimal doses. Although they are considered safe to use even without a doctor’s prescription, over-the-counter pain medications are not to be trifled with. These medications require people to use them responsibly by following suggested dosages and heeding warnings and contraindications. In every case though, it is always best to seek medical advise on pain management even if dealing only with over-the-counter pain killers so that all these complications can be avoided.

There is a distinct relationship between painkiller abuse and insomnia. People who use painkillers over a long period often become dependent on them. Whether they are still using or they are trying to stop, insomnia can occur.

Painkillers which come from opium or synthetic opium are among the most frequently abused. Acetaminophen combined with codeine is a very popular prescription for doctors to hand out. Vicodin or hydrocodone can also be used for pain management. However, when the person develops a need to take the pain medication continually, it becomes a problem.

People begin by taking the medication that has been prescribed to them. Next, they clean out the medicine cabinet of any similar medications that have been prescribed to family members. Finally, they will shop around for painkillers. They will do this by convincing each of their individual doctors, dentists, and specialists that they need a prescription for the painkillers.

The result is painkiller abuse, and insomnia is a part of the package. When the person first begins to take the painkillers, the initial effect is sleepiness or grogginess. This is a pleasant feeling to many people, especially to those in pain. They want to experience it again and again. They may even combine their painkillers with other drugs or with alcohol to increase the sedative effect.

The problem is that, over time, the body begins to get used to the painkiller. It takes more to get the desired effect. This means that sleeplessness is likely any time the person who is addicted cannot increase or at least maintain the dose usually taken. The addict wants more than anything to relax and often to go to sleep. This becomes increasingly difficult.

Even when people who abuse painkillers do go to bed, their sleep cycles are not normal. They are not able to go into the various stages of light to deep to REM sleep the way most people do. This leads to more sleep disturbances, and eventually to more insomnia.

Another reason painkiller abuse and insomnia go hand in hand is because of withdrawal. When a person does decide to get off of painkillers, a period of insomnia is almost certain to take place. The body is craving its accustomed fix of medications. It will not let one sleep unless they are given, or until long after physical withdrawal is complete.

Rebound headaches are a different source of painkiller abuse that can lead to insomnia. The painkillers may simply be over-the-counter preparations such as aspirin, acetaminophen, or ibuprofen. They could be migraine medications or opiates as well. When one takes them indiscriminately, it is a recipe for problems.

People begin by taking too much medication, or by taking it in anticipation of needing it. The body becomes used to having the medication. When a day of medication is missed, the headache comes back worse than before. Insomnia is one of the problems associated with this syndrome.

Painkiller abuse and insomnia are both problems individually. When the abuse is the cause of the insomnia, the difficulty is compounded. One must not only recover from the substance abuse. One must also tame the insomnia that has resulted.

Vicodin is generally prescribed by physicians as a pain reliever. When taken as prescribed, Vicodin can promote relaxation and calm to the patient, thus enabling him to fully recover from his condition or injury. Like most drugs, Vicodin can lead to some side effects which include drowsiness, weak breathing, weakness, unusual fatigue, vomiting, decreased appetite, and constipation. It also can cause extreme relaxation and a feeling of euphoria, making it one of the commonly abused prescription drugs.

Vicodin as an Addictive Drug

Vicodin is both physically and psychologically addictive. Continued use for several weeks can already cause mild addiction, much more so if this addiction is pursued to greater amounts. Vicodin addiction is much like other powerful addictions: there is a powerful craving to take the drug and might even supersede the need for food and water. Individuals who get addicted to Vicodin will find themselves slowly craving more amounts to achieve the desired effect. You end up taking the drug at increasing doses regularly despite family, legal or health problems. The addiction can be overwhelming and undeniable, it take over your life, and you will experience moments when you still want to take it even if you know it is no longer inappropriate.

Vicodin addiction can likely lead to overdose, and overdose effects of this drug can be fatal. Taking a large single dose usually leads to an overdose, the amount of which depends on the patient’s tolerance to the drug. Overdose symptoms range from slow breathing, dizziness, vomiting, weakness, and confusion to loss of consciousness, extreme tiredness and severe respiratory depression and coma. It can even lead to death. Another danger of Vicodin abuse is that it also contains Acetaminophen, the long term abuse of which can cause permanent liver damage or even failure.

Withdrawal Symptoms

The hydrocodone component of Vicodin makes it highly addictive. Hydrocodone is an opioid so Vicodin addiction symptoms can be quite similar to heroin abuse. In the same way, deciding to stop the addiction can lead to difficult withdrawal symptoms such as physical bone and muscle pain, restlessness, insomnia, vomiting, involuntary leg movements, diarrhea, loss of appetite, irritability, nausea, sweating, chills and cold flashes. These withdrawal symptoms depend on the degree of addiction and may grow stronger for the first 24 to 48 hours. But it usually declines gradually in the next weeks, and these symptoms are bearable and not fatal.